If you are an experienced C programmer with a working knowledge of UNIX, you cannot afford to be without this up-to -date tutorial on the system call interface and the most important functions found in the ANSI C library. Richard Stevens describes more than 200 system calls and functions; since he believes the best way to learn code is to read code,a brief example accompanies each description. Building upon information presented in the first 15 chapters, the author offers chapter-long examples teaching you how to create a database library, a PostScript printer driver, a modem dialer, and a program that runs other programs under a pseudo terminal. To make your analysis and understanding ofthis code even easier, and to allow you to modify it, all of the code in the book is available via UUNET. Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment is applicable to all major UNIX releases, especially System V Release $ and the latest release of 4.3BSD, including 386BSD. These real-world implementations allow you to more clearly understand the status of the current and future standards,including IEEE POSIX and XPG3.

Chapter 1. Introduction

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Logging In

1.3 Files and Directories

1.4 Input and Output

1.5 Programs and Processes

1.6 ANSI C Features

1.7 Error Handling

1.8 User Identification

1.9 Signals

1.10 Unix Time Values

1.11 System Calls and Library Functions

1.12 Summary

Chapter 2. Unix Standardization and Implementations

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Unix Standardization

2.3 Unix Implementations

2.4 Relationship of Standards and Implementations

2.5 Limits

2.6 Feature Test Macros

2.7 Primitive System Data Types

2.8 Conflicts Between Standards

2.9 Summary

Chapter 3. FiIe I/O

3.1 Introduction

3.2 File Descriptors

3.3 open Function

3.4 creat Function

3.5 close Function

3.6 lseek Function

3.7 read Function

3.8 write Function

3.9 I/O Efficiency

3.10 File Sharing

3.11 Atomic Operations

3.12 dup and dup2 Functions

3.13 fcntl Function

3.14 ioctl Function

3.15 /dev/fd

3.16 Summary

Chapter 4. Files and Directories

4.1 Introduction

4.2 stat, fstat, and lstat Functions

4.3 File Types

4.4 Set-User-ID and Set-Group-lD

4.5 File Access Permissions

4.6 Ownership of New Files and Directories

4.7 access Function

4.8 umask Function

4.9 chmod and fchmod Functions

4.10 Sticky Bit 88

4.11 chown, fchown, and lchown Functions

4.12 File Size

4.13 File Truncation

4.14 Fijesystems

4.15 link, unlink, remove, and rename Functions

4.16 Symbolic Links

4.17 symlink and readlink Functions

4.18 File Times

4.19 utime Function

4.20 mkdir and rmdir Functions

4.21 Reading Directories

4.22 chdir, fchdir, and getcwd Functions

4.23 Special Device Files

4.24 sync and fsync Functions

4.25 Summary of File Access Permission Bits

4.26 Summary

Chapter 5. Standard I/O Library

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Streams and FILE Objects

5.3 Standard Input, Standard Output, and Standard Error

5.4 Buffering

5.5 Opening a Stream

5.6 Reading and Writing a Stream

5.7 Line-at-a-Time I/O

5.8 Standard I/O Efficiency

5.9 Binary I/O

5.10 Posltioning a Stream

5.11 Formatted I/O

5.12 Implementation Details

5.13 Temporary Files

5.14 Alternatives to Standard I/O

5.15 Summary

Chapter 6. System Data Files and Information

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Password File

6.3 Shadow Passwords

6.4 Group File

6.5 Supplementary Group IDs

6.6 Other Data Files

6.7 Login Accounting

6.8 System Identification

6.9 Time and Date Routines

6.10 Summary

Chapter 7. The Environment of a Unix Process

7.1 Introduction

7.2 main Function

7.3 Process Termination

7.4 Command-Line Arguments

7.5 Environment List

7.6 Memory Layout of a C Program

7.7 Shared Libraries

7.8 Memory Allocation

7.9 Environment Variables

7.10 set jmp and ionqjmp Functions

7.11 qetrlimit and setrlimit Functions

7.12 Summary

Chapter 8. Process Control

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Process Identifiers

8.3 fork Function

8.4 vfork Function

8.5 exit Functions

8.6 wait and waitpid Functions

8.7 wait3 and wait4 Functions

8.8 Race Conditions

8.9 exec Functions

8.10 Changing User IDs and Group IDs

8.11 Interpreter Files

8.12 system Function

8.13 Process Accounting

8.14 User Identification

8.15 Process Times

8.16 Summary

Chapter 9. Process Relationships

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Terminal Logins

9.3 Network Logins

9.4 Process Groups

9.5 Sessions

9.6 Controlling Terminal

9.7 tcgetpqrp and tcsetpgrp Functions

9.8 Job Control

9.9 Shell Execution of Programs

9.10 Orphaned Process Groups

9.11 4.3+BSD Implementation

9.12 Summary

Chapter 10. Signals

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Signal Concepts

10.3 signal Function

10.4 Unreliable Signals

10.5 Interrupted System Calls

10.6 Reentrant Functions

10.7 SIGCLD Semantics

10.8 Reliable Signal Terminology and Semantics

10.9 kill and ra1se Functions

10.10 alarm and pause Functions

10.11 Signal Sets

10.12 siqprocmask Function

10.13 siqpending Function

10.14 sigaction Function

10.15 sigsetjmp and siglongjmp Functions

10.16 siqsuspend Function

10.17 abort Function

10.18 system Function

10.19 sleep Function

10.20 Job-Control Signals

10.21 Addltional Features

10.22 Summary

Chapter 11. Terminal I/O

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Overview

11.3 Special Input Characters

11.4 Getting and Setting Terminal Attributes

11.5 Terminal Option Flags

11.6 stty Command

11.7 Baud Rate Functions

11.8 Line Control Functions

11.9 Terminal Identification

11.10 Canonical Mode

11.11 Noncanonical Mode

11.12 Terminal Window Size

11.13 termcap, terminfo. and curses

11.14 Summary

Chapter 12. Advanced I/O

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Nonblocking I/O

12.3 Record Locking

12.4 Streams

12 5 I/O Multiplexing

12.6 Asynchronous I/O

12.7 readv and writev Functions

12.8 readn and writen Functions

12.9 Memory Mapped I/O

12.10 Summary

Chapter 13. Daemon Processes

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Daemon Characteristics

13.3 Coding Rules

13.4 Error Loggjng

13.5 Client-Server Model

13.6 Summary

Chapter 14. Interprocess Communication

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Pipes

14.3 popen and pciose Functions

14.4 Coprocesses

14.5 FIFOs

14.6 System V IPC

14.7 Message Queues

14.8 Semaphores

14.9 Shared Memory

14.10 Client-Server Properties

14.11 Summary

Chapter 15. Advanced Interprocess Communication

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Stream Pipes

15.3 Passing File Descriptors

15.4 An Open Server, Version 1

15.5 Client--Server Connection Functions

15.6 An Open Server, Version 2

15.7 Summary

Chapter 16. A Database Library

16.1 Introduction

16.2 History

16.3 The Library

16.4 Implementation Overview

16.5 Centralized or Decentralized?

16.6 Concurrency

16.7 Source Code

16.8 Performance

16.9 Summary

Chapter 17. Communicating with a PostScript Printer

17.1 Introduction

17.2 PostScript Communication Dynamics

17.3 Printer Spooling

17.4 Source Code

17.5 Summary

Chapter 18. A Modem Dialer

18.1 Introduction

18.2 History

18.3 Program Design

18.4 Data Files

18.5 Server Design

18.6 Server Source Code

18.7 Client Design

18.8 Client Source Code

18.9 Summary

Chapter 19. Pseudo Terminals

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Overview

19.3 Opening Pseudo-Terminal Devices

19.4 pty_fork Function

19.5 pty Program

19.6 Using the pty Program

19.7 Advanced Features

19.8 Summary

Appendix A. Function Prototypes

Appendix B. Miscellaneous Source Code

B.1 Our Header File

B.2 Standard Error Routines

Appendix C. Solutions to Selected Exercises

Bibliography

Index